IBANGA RITAVUGWA KURI CRYPTOCURRENCY & CBDC💰IMIKORERE YIHARIYE Y’AMAFARANGA KORANABUHANGA

CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) ni amafaranga y’ikoranabuhanga yakozwe na banki nkuru y’igihugu (Central Bank), akaba afite agaciro gahwanye n’amafaranga y’umwimerere (fiat currency) akurikiza amategeko y’igihugu runaka. CBDC ni uburyo bushya bw’amafaranga bukoresha ikoranabuhanga, ariko bitandukanye na cryptocurrency kuko ifite umutekano n’ubuyobozi bukomeye bwa banki nkuru.

CBDC – Uko Ikora:

CBDC ni amafaranga y’ikoranabuhanga (digital) ashyirwaho n’ibigo by’imari by’igihugu cyangwa banki nkuru (Central Banks). Akenshi, ayo mafaranga aba ari mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, akaba adafite ishusho y’umwimerere nk’amafaranga akoreshwa mu buryo bwa cash.

• Ubundi buryo: CBDC irashobora gukora kimwe n’amafaranga y’ukuri (fiat currency), ariko ikaba ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora mu buryo bwa digital. Bivuze ko uba ushobora kuyikoresha mu buryo bwa e-wallet cyangwa apps nka Mobile Money, aho amahirwe yo kuyohereza hagati y’abantu aba yoroshye.
• Ubwoko bwa CBDC: CBDC igenda igaragara mu bwoko bubiri:
  • Retail CBDC: Iyi niyo ikoreshwa na buri wese, nk’amafaranga y’ukuri mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
  • Wholesale CBDC: Iyi ikoreshwa hagati y’ibigo by’imari (banki n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi), ndetse ikaba ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’inyungu z’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi cyangwa inguzanyo.

Impamvu Zikomeye Zizwi ku Koresha CBDC:

1. Kugabanya Uburiganya: CBDC zishobora gufasha mu kugabanya ibitero by’amafaranga by’imbere mu gihugu cyangwa hanze yacyo, binyuze mu buryo bwo kugenzura neza ingendo z’amafaranga mu gihugu.
2. Kwihutisha Ibyemezo: Iyo igihugu cyagize CBDC, amafaranga atangwa muri gahunda ya e-money mu buryo bwihuse kandi bunoze, bituma abantu babasha gukoresha amafaranga mu buryo butagira igihe kinini cyo gutegereza cyangwa gukora ibintu bibangamira gahunda.
3. Guteza Imbere Ubukungu: Banki nkuru mu gukoresha CBDC zishobora kugabanya igiciro cy’imari mu gihugu, zigafasha mu gusakaza amahirwe yo kubona amafaranga muri benshi, ndetse mu kongera umusaruro.
4. Kurwanya Ibitangazamakuru by’Uburiganya: CBDC zifasha kurwanya ibikorwa bibi by’uburiganya kuko banki nkuru n’izindi nzego zishinzwe kubigenzura bigira uburyo bwo kugenzura amakuru yose ajyanye n’ukoresha amafaranga.

Uko CBDC itandukanye na Cryptocurrency:

1. Ubutegetsi: CBDC ifite ubuyobozi bukomeye bwa banki nkuru cyangwa leta, ibi bikayifasha kugira umutekano n’igenzura ku rwego rwo hejuru. Cryptocurrency yo ntigira umuyobozi umwe, ikaba igendera ku isoko ry’ibidafite ubuyobozi bukomeye.
2. Umutekano: CBDC ikorwa ku buryo bwizewe, ikaba ifite tekinoroji n’amategeko bituma habaho kugenzura no gukurikirana buri gikorwa cyose. Ku rundi ruhande, cryptocurrencies zigira uburyo bwo gukora zitabogama, ariko zishobora guhura n’ibibazo by’umutekano bitewe n’uburyo zitunganywa.
3. Ikiguzi: Ugereranyije, CBDC zigira igiciro gito mu guhererekanya amafaranga, cyane cyane mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amahoro mu gihugu, aho cryptocurrency zishobora kugira igiciro gikomeye bitewe n’uburyo isoko ryayo rigenzura impinduka z’igiciro.

Ingero za CBDC ku Isi:

1. China – Digital Yuan (e-CNY): China niyo igihugu cya mbere kigaragara mu guteza imbere CBDC ku rwego rw’isi. Digital Yuan ni imwe mu mafaranga akorwa n’ibigo by’imari bya Leta, akaba akomeje kugeragezwa no kwemererwa gukorerwa mu bice byinshi by’igihugu.
2. Européene – Digital Euro: Ubuyobozi bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bwatangiye imirimo yo gukora no kugerageza Digital Euro, aho ibihugu by’Uburayi byashishikarijwe gukoresha ubu buryo bw’amafaranga mu rwego rwo kongera umutekano n’ubushobozi bw’amafaranga.
3. USA – Digital Dollar: Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika nazo ziri gukora ubushakashatsi ku kugaragaza Digital Dollar, ifite intego yo gufasha igihugu mu kugenzura neza ubukungu bwacyo mu buryo bworoshye.

Inyungu Z’Ubushakashatsi bwa CBDC:

• Kwihutisha Uko amafaranga agerwaho n’abaturage: Ibi biganisha ku koroshya uburyo bwo gukoresha amafaranga no kugabanya ibiciro by’ubucuruzi.
• Kongera umutekano w’imari: Mu gihe leta cyangwa banki nkuru zishinzwe kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga, habaho uburyo bwo kubirinda no gukora igenzura.

Ni byiza gukomeza gukurikirana neza uburyo CBDC izagira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi n’uburyo bw’imari bw’isi yose. Iyo gahunda y’amafaranga y’ikoranabuhanga yamenyekanye, cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere, ishobora kuzana impinduka mu mikorere y’ubukungu bw’isi.